Ib qho kev lag luam uas cuam tshuam txog chav kawm 1-4 pov tseg yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv tso cai uas tso cai ntawm kev ua ub no. Feem ntau, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm no muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov dej num:
- khib nyiab;
- cais cov khib nyiab los ntawm hom thiab cov chav kawm muaj kev phom sij;
- yog tias tsim nyog, nias ntawm cov khoom pov tseg tau nqa tawm;
- kev kho cov tshuaj seem kom txo lawv cov qib kev phom sij;
- kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom pov tseg no;
- pov tseg ntawm cov khib nyiab tsis zoo;
- rov qab siv txhua hom khoom siv.
Rau txhua qhov haujlwm pov tseg, yuav tsum muaj cov phiaj xwm thiab phiaj xwm kev ua haujlwm uas yuav ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm zoo.
General kev xav tau rau kev tswj khib
Cov dej num tswj xyuas kev cuam tshuam rau cov khib nyiab 1-4 cov ntawv sau nyiaj yuav tsum raug tswj los ntawm SanPiN, tsoomfwv thiab cov cai hauv nroog. Cov no yog Tsoomfwv Tsab Cai "Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Tu Neeg Mob ntawm Tib Neeg" thiab tsoomfwv txoj cai "Ntawm Kev Tsim Khoom thiab Khoom Siv Pov Tseg". Cov ntawv no thiab lwm cov ntawv sau cov kev cai tswj hwm rau kev khaws, khaws cia, thauj mus los thiab pov tseg ntawm 1-4 cov chav kawm phom sij. Txhawm rau ua txhua yam no, koj yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv tso cai tshwj xeeb.
Ib qho kev lag luam rau kev tswj hwm cov seem, hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam, yuav tsum muaj cov vaj tse lossis xauj lawv los npaj cov chaw tsim khoom. Lawv yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Kev khaws khoom thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khib nyiab yog nqa tawm hauv lub thawv tshwj xeeb, kaw, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Kev thauj cov khoom thauj ntawm 1-4 cov chav kawm phom sij yog nqa los ntawm cov tshuab nrog cim cov cim tshwj xeeb. Tsuas yog cov kws tshaj lij muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv cov tuam txhab tswj cov khib nyiab.
Kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm nrog chav kawm 1-4 pov tseg
Cov neeg uas yuav ua haujlwm nrog cov khib nyiab ntawm 1-4 pawg kev phom sij yuav tsum muaj kev noj qab haus huv tiag tiag, uas tau lees paub los ntawm ntawv pov thawj kho mob, thiab tseem muaj kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb.
Tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev lag luam ntawm ecology, pov tseg tswj tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj. Rau qhov no, tsuas yog cov neeg ua haujlwm uas tau ntsib kev cob qhia kev ua haujlwm thiab tuaj yeem lis cov dej khib nyiab ntawm 1-4 chav kawm raug tso cai rau ntau lawm. Qhov no yog tswj hwm los ntawm txoj cai "Ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv cov khoom pov tseg". Ob tus neeg ua haujlwm dog dig thiab cov tswj tuam txhab yuav tsum tau mus ua kev cob qhia. Muaj ntau yam qauv ntawm kev kawm, suav nrog kev kawm deb. Thaum kawm tiav chav kawm, tus kws tshaj lij tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj lossis ntawv pov thawj uas tso cai rau nws ua haujlwm nrog qib 1-4 pov tseg.
Kev xav tau rau ntau hom kev ua ub no nrog cov khib nyiab
Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos tuaj yeem xa mus rau ib qho kev lag luam rau kev tswj khib nyiab ob leeg los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom no, thiab los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag, lub Hoobkas uas xav muag cov pov tseg. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb nrog cov khoom siv pov tseg yuav tsum txiav txim siab:
- Kev Sau. Cov khib nyiab yog sau rau ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog los ntawm tes lossis siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Nws tau sau rau hauv lub hnab khib nyiab pov tseg, cov khoom ntim tawv lossis tawv ntim. Cov thawv ntim rov qab siv kuj tseem siv tau.
- Kev Thauj Mus Los. Nws yog nqa tawm tsuas yog tsim tshwj xeeb tsheb. Lawv yuav tsum muaj cov paib qhia tias lub tshuab nqa cov khoom pov tseg uas tsim kev puas tsuaj.
- Kev cais tawm. Txhua yam nws nyob ntawm hom khib nyiab thiab nws chav kawm muaj kev phom sij.
- Pov tseg. Cov hau kev yog xaiv nyob ntawm cov pab pawg neeg pov tseg phom sij. Cov khoom siv tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem rov ua dua, xws li hlau, ntawv, ntoo, iav. Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws cov ntsiab lus yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab faus neeg.
Txhua lub tuam txhab ua lag luam hauv kev tswj cov khib nyiab muaj lub luag haujlwm ua raws li cov cai saum no thiab ua raws li txoj cai, nrog rau xa cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm kom raws sijhawm.
