Kev siv cov pa paug hluav taws xob (RW) yog cov khoom uas muaj cov xov tooj cua thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov siv dua yav tom ntej, vim tias lawv tsis muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Lawv tsim thaum lub sijhawm rho tawm thiab ua cov khoom ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv uas ua kom muaj cua sov, thaum pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg nuclear.
Cov hom thiab faib tawm cov khib nyiab khib nyiab
RW hom tau muab faib ua:
- los ntawm lub xeev - khoom, roj, kua;
- los ntawm cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb - nquag tshaj plaws, nruab nrab kev ua haujlwm, qis nquag, tsawg kawg kev ua haujlwm
- los ntawm hom - tshem tau thiab tshwj xeeb;
- los ntawm ib nrab-lub neej ntawm radionuclides - ntev- thiab luv luv-nyob;
- los ntawm cov ntsiab ntawm hom nuclear - nrog lawv muaj, nrog lawv qhov tsis tuaj;
- rau kev khawb av - hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm uranium ores, hauv kev rho tawm ntawm cov khoom siv ntxhia ntxhia.
Cov kev faib tawm no tseem muaj feem xyuam rau Russia, thiab raug lees txais nyob thoob ntiaj teb. Feem ntau, txoj kev faib mus rau cov chav kawm tsis yog qhov kawg; nws yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom tes nrog ntau yam kev lag luam hauv teb chaws.
Kev ywj pheej los ntawm kev tswj
Muaj ntau hom kev khib nyhiab uas qhov kev suav ntawm radionuclides muaj tsawg heev. Lawv muaj kev xyaum ua phem rau ib puag ncig. Cov yeeb tshuaj ntawd tau faib raws li kev zam. Tus nqi txhua xyoo ntawm irradiation los ntawm lawv tsis siab tshaj theem ntawm 10 μ3v.
Txoj cai tswj cov khoom siv dej khib nyhiab
Cov tshuaj kua hluav taws xob tau muab faib ua chav kawm tsis yog los txiav txim siab txog qib txaus ntshai xwb, tab sis kuj tsim cov cai los tswj lawv:
- nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus neeg uas ua haujlwm nrog cov khib nyiab hluav taws xob;
- kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm cov tshuaj phem yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua;
- tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg;
- qhia txog theem raug ntawm txhua lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv raws cov ntaub ntawv;
- tswj cov tsub zuj zuj thiab siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob;
- yog tias muaj kev txaus ntshai, qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv;
- nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej loj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm txhua qhov tshwm sim.
Dab tsi yog qhov phom sij ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob
Cov khib nyiab uas muaj cov xov tooj cua tau tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg thiab tib neeg. Nws tsub ntxiv tom qab hluav taws xob ntawm ib puag ncig. Ua ke nrog cov dej thiab khoom noj khoom haus, cov khib nyiab zom zaws nkag rau hauv lub cev, uas ua rau muaj kev sib hloov, lom thiab tuag. Tus txiv neej tuag rau kev txom nyem.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no, txhua qhov chaw lag luam uas siv cov xov tooj cua hais txog kev siv lub tshuab lim dej, saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm, thiab kev paug thiab pov tseg ntawm cov pov tseg. Qhov no pab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig.
Qeb cov xwm txheej phom sij nyob ntawm ntau yam. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no yog qhov nyiaj pov tseg ntawm huab cua, lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob, thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw tsis huv, pes tsawg tus neeg nyob ntawm nws. Txij li cov tshuaj no yuav tuag taus, nws yog qhov tsim nyog thaum muaj xwm txheej los tshem tawm cov kev puas tsuaj thiab khiav tawm ntawm cov pej xeem los ntawm thaj chaw. Nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv thiab nres qhov kev txav ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob mus rau lwm thaj tsam.
Cov cai tswj cia thiab thauj khoom
Ib lub chaw haujlwm ua haujlwm nrog cov xov tooj cua yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau cov khib nyiab cia. Nws suav nrog kev khaws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lawv hloov mus rau pov tseg. Txoj kev thiab cov hau kev tsim nyog rau kev khaws cia yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Rau lawv, cov thawv tshwj xeeb yog ua los ntawm roj hmab, ntawv thiab yas. Lawv tseem muab cia rau hauv tub yees, hlau ntaus hlau. RW thauj hauv cov thawv ntim khoom tshwj xeeb. Hauv kev thauj, lawv yuav tsum ruaj khov. Kev thauj mus los tsuas yog nqa tau los ntawm cov tuam txhab uas muaj daim ntawv tso cai tshwj xeeb rau qhov no.
Ua
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev rov ua dua yog nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khib nyiab. Qee hom khib nyiab pov tseg thiab txhuam kom tau zoo tshaj ntim cov khib nyiab. Nws yog kev cai los hlawv qee qhov seem hauv qhov cub. RW kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov hauv qab no:
- cais tawm cov tshuaj los ntawm cov dej thiab lwm yam khoom lag luam;
- tshem tawm hluav taws xob;
- cais tawm qhov cuam tshuam rau cov khoom nyoos thiab cov zaub mov me me;
- ntsuas qhov ua tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Sau thiab pov tseg
Kev khaws thiab pov tseg ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob pov tseg yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas tsis muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis huv. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv lub xeev ntawm kev sib sau ua ke, qeb ntawm pov tseg, lawv cov khoom, cov khoom siv, ib nrab ntawm lub neej ntawm radionuclides, thiab muaj peev xwm kev hem thawj ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim lub phiaj xwm rau kev tswj hwm cov pa hluav taws xob.
Txog kev sau thiab pov tseg, koj yuav tsum siv cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias cov haujlwm no muaj peev xwm ua tau tsuas yog nruab nrab thiab qis cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, txhua kauj ruam yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig. Txawm tias qhov yuam kev me me tuaj yeem ua rau muaj xwm txheej, kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig thiab kev tuag ntawm coob tus neeg. Nws yuav siv ntau xyoo lawm los tshem tawm cov neeg ua xoo hluav taws xob thiab ua kom rov zoo li qub.
