Tam sim no nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb, kev tsim kho tau tab tom ua, tsis yog hauv chaw nyob nkaus xwb, tab sis kev lag luam thiab chaw tsim khoom. Qhov nce ntawm qhov ntim ntawm kev tsim kho sib txuam ntau tus nqi ntawm cov nqi pov tseg hauv kev tsim kho. Txhawm rau tswj hwm nws tus naj npawb, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum muab pov tseg ntawm pawg khib nyiab no lossis hloov kho nws txoj kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov siv dua.
Kev tsim kho cov khib nyiab kev faib tawm
Cov khib nyiab ntawm cov hauv qab no yog qhov txawv ntawm cov chaw tsim kho:
- Pov tseg. Cov no yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab kev teeb tsa uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev rhuav tshem tsev.
- Cov khib nyiab. Feem ntau chav kawm no suav nrog zaj duab xis, ntawv thiab lwm yam khoom hauv cov khoom tsim ua tsev.
- Lwm cov khib nyiab. Hauv cov pab pawg no, plua plav, khib nyiab, khib nyiab, txhua yam uas tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tiav.
Cov khib nyiab zoo li no nyob ntawm ntau theem ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho. Ib qho ntxiv, khib nyiab yog faib raws cov khoom siv:
- kho vajtse;
- pob zeb ua kev teeb tsa;
- siv tam qhob thaiv;
- iav - khoom, tawg;
- ntoo;
- cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus, thiab lwm yam.
Rov qab siv dua thiab cov txheej txheem pov tseg
Hauv ntau lub teb chaws, kev tsim kho cov pov tseg tau muab pov tseg lossis siv rau qhov rov qab siv dua. Cov khoom siv tsis hloov tas li rau lawv lub xeev thawj zaug. Ua raws li cov khoom lag luam, nws tuaj yeem siv kom tau lwm yam kev pab. Piv txwv li, hlau ua kom muaj zog, cov nplais pob zeb yog tau los ntawm cov pob zeb ua kev tiv thaiv, uas yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv.
Los ntawm txhua yam uas muaj bitumen, nws yog qhov ua tau kom tau bitumen-polymer mastic, bitumen-hmoov, ib qhov loj nrog cov zaub mov thiab bitumen. Tom qab, cov ntsiab lus no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho tsheb thiab tsim cov khoom ua hauv insulating.
Yav dhau los, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tau sau cov khib nyiab ntawm cov chaw tsim kho, coj nws mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg thiab pov tseg. Rau qhov no, cov khawb av tau siv, uas cov zom thiab theem cov khib nyiab, thiab tom qab ntawd lwm cov khib nyiab tau muab pov tseg rau lawv. Tam sim no kev rov ua dua tshiab yog nqa tawm siv cov khoom siv niaj hnub no. Rau kev ua pob laum, hydraulic txiab lossis lub tshuab nrog rab rauj yog siv. Tom qab ntawd, cov nroj tsuag kev sib tsoo yog siv, uas cais cov khoom ua qhov sib txawv uas xav tau.
Txij li txhua txhua xyoo nws nyuaj los rhuav tshem kev tsim kho pov tseg, lawv feem ntau ua dua tshiab:
- sau;
- thauj mus rau cov nroj tsuag ua;
- tsi;
- ntxuav;
- npaj rau kev siv txuas ntxiv.
Kev tsim kho kev lag luam hauv txawv teb chaws
Nyob hauv cov teb chaws ntawm North America thiab Europe, tus nqi ntawm cov pov tseg ntawm kev tsim kho pov tseg yog muaj ntau dua li qhov nws pov tseg. Qhov no txhawb cov tuam txhab tsim kev lag luam kom tsis txhob nthuav cov khib nyiab hauv av pov tseg, tab sis kom siv nws los muab cov khoom lag luam theem nrab. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kev siv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav txo qhov peev nyiaj, vim tias lawv cov nqi qis dua li cov khoom siv hauv tsev tshiab.
Ua tsaug rau qhov no, 90% ntawm kev tsim kho cov khoom pov tseg tau rov ua dua hauv Sweden, Holland thiab Denmark. Hauv tebchaws Ntsaws Mes Nis, cov tub ceev xwm tau txwv txoj kev khaws khib nyiab ntawm chaw khib nyiab. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav kev siv cov khoom pov tseg rov ua dua. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho pov tseg rov qab mus rau kev tsim kho hauv kev lag luam.
Kev siv theem nrab
Rov qab tsim dua tshiab yog qhov yuav daws tau ntawm qhov teeb meem kev tsim kho. Thaum rhuav tshem cov qauv, cov av nplaum, pob zeb tsoo, xuab zeb, pob zeb tawg yog siv rau cov qhov dej txhawm thiab theem qib ntau qhov chaw. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov txawv. Lawv kuj raug siv los ua vaj tse. Ua raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm cov qauv, lawv tuaj yeem siv los qhia qib kev. Kev ua cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj rau cov teb chaws uas muaj tsawg tsawg chaw txua txiag zeb rau kev nthuav tawm ntawm pob zeb.
Thaum cov tsev raug rhuav tshem, cov asphalt pavement feem ntau tshem tawm. Yav tom ntej, nws yog siv rau kev tsim txoj hauv kev tshiab, ob txoj kev pua av nws tus kheej, thiab bevels, embankments thiab hauv ncoo.
Lub caij nyoog ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yog raws li hauv qab no:
- kev txuag nyiaj ntawm kev yuav khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab;
- txo cov khib nyiab ntau hauv lub teb chaws;
- txo lub nra ntawm cov ib puag ncig.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Siv Cuam Tshuam
Hauv tebchaws Russia, muaj kev cai tswj hwm kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho pov tseg. Nws txhawb nqa kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig thiab tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntuj tiv thaiv kev phem ntawm cov khib nyiab. Rau qhov no, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev tswj khib nyiab tau khaws cia:
- sau tau pes tsawg;
- ntau npaum li cas tau xa rau kev ua;
- qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom pov tseg rau rov ua dua tshiab;
- Puas tau muaj kev tshem tawm thiab pov tseg cov thoob khib nyiab?
Yuav ua li cas tuav txhua pawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum paub tsis yog cov tuam txhab tsim vaj tsev xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov neeg dog dig uas koom nrog kev kho vaj tsev thiab kev tsim kho. Lub ecology ntawm peb ntiaj chaw nyob ntawm kev pov tseg ntawm kev tsim kho pov tseg, yog li lawv cov nyiaj yuav tsum tau txo thiab, yog tias ua tau, rov siv dua.
