Lo lus "kev vam meej" txhais tau tias muaj kev hloov tsis tu ncua hauv zej zog thiab cov haujlwm ntawm cov kab ke hauv ib puag ncig uas tshwm sim vim cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam. Kev vam meej yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov ntawm tus kheej los yog los ntawm tib neeg cov cawv. Txhua cov kab ke tsiaj txhu tau tsim tseg kom muaj cov kab ke hav zoov txuas ntxiv mus thiab yuav ploj mus. Qhov no yog tus txheej txheem ntuj uas tshwm sim vim kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog hauv lub ecosystem, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov microclimate thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov biotope.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tiav
Kev vam meej yog qhov kev vam meej ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm kab ke. Qhov tshwm sim uas pom tau tshaj plaws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag; nws qhia tau nws tus kheej hauv kev hloov ntawm cov nroj tsuag, kev hloov pauv ntawm lawv cov nyob thiab kev hloov ntawm qee cov nroj tsuag tseem ceeb nrog lwm tus. Txhua qhov kev vam meej tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg loj:
- Thawj qhov kev vam meej.
- Thib Ob.
Thawj qhov kev vam meej yog qhov pib tshwm sim, uas nws tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw tsis muaj sia. Tam sim no, yuav luag tag nrho cov av yog twb nyob ntawm ntau cov zej zog, yog li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm thaj chaw pub dawb los ntawm cov tsiaj nyob yog qhov muaj nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam. Piv txwv ntawm cov thawj neeg ua tiav yog:
- hais sib haum los ntawm cov zej zog rau ntawm cov pob zeb;
- kev nyob sib cais ntawm cov cheeb tsam sib txawv hauv cov tiaj suab puam.
Hauv peb lub sijhawm, thawj qhov kev vam meej tsis tshua muaj tsawg, tab sis qee lub sijhawm, txhua daim av dhau ntawm theem no.
Kev vam meej theem ob
Cov theem nrab los sis rov kho dua tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw uas muaj thaj tsam neeg nyob dhau los. Xws li cov succession tuaj yeem tshwm sim txhua qhov chaw thiab tshwm sim nws tus kheej ntawm cov ntsuas qhov sib txawv. Piv txwv ntawm cov theem ob:
- kev daws cov hav zoov tom qab hluav taws;
- overgrowing ntawm thaj chaw uas tso tseg;
- kev sib hais haum ntawm thaj chaw tom qab av tsawb, uas rhuav tshem txhua yam khoom muaj sia hauv av.
Qhov laj thawj ntawm kev vam meej theem ob yog:
- Hav zoov hluav taws;
- kev rhuav tshem;
- plowing lub teb chaws;
- dej nyab;
- volcanic tawg.
Qhov ua tiav theem ob tiav ntev txog 100-200 xyoo. Nws pib thaum tshuaj ntsuab txhua xyoo tshwm sim rau ntawm thaj av. Tom qab 2-3 xyoos lawv raug hloov los ntawm kev nyom ntau xyoo, tom qab ntawd txawm muaj kev sib tw nrog muaj zog - tsob ntoo me. Qhov kawg theem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntoo. Aspen, spruce, ntoo thuv thiab ntoo qhib loj hlob, uas xaus cov txheej txheem ntawm kev muaj tiav. Qhov no txhais tau tias kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov kab ke hauv hav zoov ntawm lub xaib no tau tiav tiav.
Cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem succession
Lub sijhawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev vam meej yog nyob ntawm lub sijhawm muaj sia ntawm cov koom nrog koom nrog hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kho dua tshiab lossis tsim cov kab ke. Qhov ceev yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ecosystems nrog ib tug thawj ntawm cov nroj tsuag herbaceous, thiab ntev tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ib lub coniferous lossis hav zoov hav zoov. Cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tiav:
- Nyob rau theem pib, ntau haiv ntawm cov hom tsis tseem ceeb, dhau sijhawm nws nce.
- Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem, kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev muaj sia. Symbiosis kuj hlob tuaj ntxiv, txuas zaub mov los ua ntau yam nyuaj.
- Hauv cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke li qub, ntau ntawm cov hom tsiaj pub dawb tsawg tsawg.
- Nrog rau txhua theem ntawm kev tsim kho, kev sib txuas ntawm cov tsiaj txhu hauv cov kab ke uas twb muaj lawm thiab nce hauv paus.
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob thoob plaws lub zej zog dhau ntawm ib tug hluas yog tias nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov kev hloov tsis zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv kub thiab hloov cov av noo. Xws li lub zej zog tsim muaj peev xwm tiv taus tshuaj lom ntau dua ntawm ib puag ncig. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab ke hauv ntuj thiab qhov phom sij ntawm kev tsim txom ntawm cov nyom khoom cua. Raws li kev tawm tsam ntawm lub zej zog paub tab mus rau qhov teeb meem lub cev, kev tsim khoom ntawm lub zog tsim yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub neej, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm lawv.
