Cov khoom siv khib nyiab hauv tsev (MSW) yog cov khoom noj seem thiab cov khoom siv uas tsis tuaj yeem siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Cov nkauj muaj ob leeg ua pov tseg thiab pov tseg hauv tsev neeg. Txhua xyoo qhov ntau ntawm cov khib nyiab ntau ntxiv, vim tias muaj qhov teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb hauv cov thoob khib nyiab pov tseg.
Cov ntaub ntawv MSW
Cov khib nyiab yog tus cwj pwm tau tsim los ntawm ntau yam muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev ua heterogeneity. Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob pov tseg yog cov chaw nyob, chaw tsim khoom, chaw tsim khoom siv thiab thaj chaw coj mus muag. Cov pawg khib nyiab tau tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- daim ntawv thiab duab los qhia;
- hlau;
- yas;
- cov zaub mov pov tseg;
- cov khoom ntoo;
- ntaub;
- iav ntse;
- roj hmab thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau cov tshuaj muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Cov no yog cov roj teeb, tshuaj pleev ib ce, hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv hauv tsev, dyes, pov tseg kev kho mob, tshuaj tua kab, xim tsev thiab varnishes, chiv, tshuaj lom neeg, muaj tshuaj muaj mercury. Lawv ua rau muaj kuab paug ntawm dej, av thiab huab cua, nrog rau ua kom muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov khoom muaj sia.
Kev siv cov khoom seem thib ob
Txhawm rau txo cov kev tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom khib nyiab ntawm cov ib puag ncig, qee cov pov tseg tau pom zoo kom rov siv dua. Thawj kauj ruam rau qhov no yog qhov sib cais ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg. Ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj khib nyiab, tsuas yog 15% siv tsis tau. Yog li, cov khoom seem biodegradable tuaj yeem sau thiab rov ua dua tshiab kom tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li biogas. Qhov no yuav txo tau cov khoom pov tseg vim nws yuav siv los ua chaw yug tsiaj rau fais fab nroj tsuag siv cov ntaub ntawv organic, uas yuav ua rau kev siv cov khoom siv ib puag ncig zoo.
Cov Hoobkas tshwj xeeb txheej txheem pov tseg ntau yam ntawm ntau lub hauv paus.
Cardboard thiab daim ntawv tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab, uas tib neeg sau thiab muab cov ntawv pov tseg. Los ntawm kev ua nws, lub neej ntawm cov ntoo tau txais kev cawmdim. Yog li, 1 lab tons ntawm cov ntawv rau kev txuag txog thaj av 62 hav zoov.
Tsis tas li, iav tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab. Hais txog cov nyiaj txiag, nws pheej yig dua rau kev rov qab siv lub khob ntim uas twb siv dua dua los ua dua tshiab. Piv txwv li, koj txuag 24% ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog yog tias koj rov qab lub hwj ntim 0.33 litres. Daim iav tawg kuj tseem siv hauv kev lag luam. Cov khoom tshiab yog tsim los ntawm nws, thiab nws tseem yog ntxiv rau kev sib xyaw ntawm qee cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev.
Kev siv hnab yas yog rov qab dua, tom qab uas cov khoom tshiab yog tsim los ntawm nws. Feem ntau cov khoom siv yog siv rau kev tsim kho kev tsheb nqaj hlau thiab laj kab. Cov kaus poom poom tseem siv rov ua dua. Tin tau los ntawm lawv. Piv txwv li, thaum 1 tuj ntawm tin yog mined los ntawm cov zaub mov, 400 tonnes ntawm ore yog yuav tsum tau. Yog tias koj rho tawm cov nyiaj tib yam los ntawm cov kaus poom, tom qab ntawd tsuas muaj 120 tons ntawm cov khoom siv tin.
Txhawm rau ua kom rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg kom muaj txiaj ntsig, pov tseg yuav tsum tau faib. Rau qhov no, muaj ntim nyob hauv uas muaj kev sib cais rau cov yas, ntawv thiab lwm yam pov tseg.
Kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov khib nyiab
Cov khoom pov tseg hauv nroog pov puag ncig lub ntiaj teb, thiab qhov nce ntawm lawv cov lej muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev nce qib ntawm cov khib nyiab rau hauv av yog qhov tsim kev puas tsuaj, thiab qhov thib ob, kua nplaum, kua roj vanish, xim pleev xim, tshuaj lom, tshuaj lom thiab lwm yam khoom muaj teeb meem rau ib puag ncig. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem raug pov tseg xwb, cov ntsiab lus no yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov tawg tshwj xeeb.
Thaum cov roj teeb, tshuaj pleev ib ce, khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lwm cov khoom pov tseg tsim kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv av, lawv tso cov mercury, cov hmoov txhuas thiab cov pa paug, uas nkag rau huab cua, paug cov av, thiab nrog kev pab los ntawm cov dej hauv av thiab dej nag lawv tau ntxuav rau hauv dej lub cev. Cov chaw uas muaj av khib nyiab nyob yuav tsis haum rau lub neej tom ntej. Lawv kuj ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig, uas ua rau ntau yam kab mob hauv cov neeg uas nyob ze. Raws li qib ntawm kev cuam tshuam, khib nyiab ntawm 1, 2 thiab 3 chav kawm kev phom sij yog txawv.
Rov muab cov khib nyiab pov tseg
Hauv ntau lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb, cov khoom siv pov tseg hauv tsev yog rov ua dua tshiab. Hauv Lavxias, qhov no tau pom zoo los ntawm kev cai lij choj thiab yog tsom rau txuag cov khoom siv. Cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab raug tso cai raws li cov qauv kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav tsum siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb (ntawv pov thawj, kev faib tawm, ntawv pov thawj, ntawv tso cai, thiab lwm yam).
Hauv kev tsim khoom, cov khoom siv dua tshiab tsis yog cov khoom siv zoo dua. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yog vim muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- txuag nqi rau kev rho tawm ntawm cov khoom siv raw;
- qhov chaw tso tawm uas cov khoom pov tseg thaum yav tas los;
- txo cov kev cuam tshuam zoo ntawm cov khib nyiab ntawm ib puag ncig.
Feem ntau, qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub nroog tau ua kom thoob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Lub xeev huab cua, hydrosphere thiab lithosphere nyob ntawm nws cov kev daws teeb meem. Txo cov pov tseg kuj cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, yog li qhov teeb meem no tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.
