Cov pov tseg kho mob suav nrog cov tshuaj uas tas sijhawm, cov khoom seem los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj, cov khoom ntim, hnab looj tes, khib nyiab pov tseg los ntawm cov chaw ua zaub mov, cov ntaub qhwv. Tag nrho cov khib nyiab no yog tsim los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb hauv chaw soj nstuam, chaw ua haujlwm forensic, tsev kho mob, thiab chaw kho tsiaj.
Hauv cov tebchaws tsim, cov khib nyiab no yog siv cov huab cua sov siab; hauv Lavxias, cov khib nyiab no tau muab pov tseg rau hauv cov av thoob nroog nrog cov khib nyiab, qhov no nce ntau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis thiab kis sib kis tau.
Txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev sau cov khib nyiab nrog txoj cai kev nyab xeeb. Txoj cai lij choj yuav tsum muaj ntawv tso cai rau cov koom haum uas pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg kho mob. Chav haujlwm tshwj xeeb tu cev thiab kis kabmob muaj cai luam daim ntawv tso cai.
Daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg
Kev pov tseg kho mob, tsis hais nws hom dab tsi, tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj hauv ecosystem thiab nws cov neeg nyob. Kev khaws cia yog muab faib ua cov chav kawm:
- A - tsis txaus ntshai;
- B - muaj xwm txheej txaus ntshai;
- B - txaus ntshai heev;
- G - lom;
- D - radioactive.
Txhua hom khib nyiab muaj nws cov cai pov tseg. Txhua yam tshwj tsis yog hoob kawm poob rau hauv pawg neeg uas raug puas tsuaj. Ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis quav ntsej txoj cai rau cov khib nyiab pov tseg thiab coj lawv mus rau qhov chaw pov tseg thoob plaws, uas dhau sijhawm, nyob rau qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo, tuaj yeem ua rau kis mob loj heev ntawm cov kab mob sib kis.
Cov pab pawg muaj kev phom sij suav nrog cov tib neeg nyob ze thaj av pov tseg, thiab ib pawg neeg tswj hwm thaj av, tsiaj, noog thiab kab mob tuaj yeem ua raws li vectors ntawm kev kis tus kab mob.
Kev siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau kev rhuav tshem pov tseg kho mob yog qhov raug nqi ntau, lub xeev txuag rau pov tseg.
Kev khaws thiab ua pov tseg ntawm kev kho mob pov tseg
Kev sib sau thiab ua tiav ntawm cov khoom pov tseg kho mob yog nqa los ntawm cov koom haum tshwj xeeb uas tau dhau mus kuaj kev nyiam huv thiab tau txais daim ntawv tso cai rau cov haujlwm no. Hauv cov chaw haujlwm no, phau ntawv ceev xwm txheej tshwj xeeb yog khaws cia hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem pov tseg tau nkag mus, txhua chav pov tseg muaj nws daim ntawv teev nyiaj txiag.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov khoom raw muaj cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
- lub koom haum pov tseg pov tseg kom npaj cov khoom pov tseg;
- cov khoom seem ntawm cov khib nyiab tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntim tshwj xeeb, qhov chaw uas lawv tos rau lub sijhawm rhuav pov tseg;
- txhua cov khib nyiab uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij yog tshuaj tua kab mob;
- tom qab ib lub sijhawm, lub thoob khib nyiab tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw ntawm no;
- ntawm theem kawg, cov khib nyiab yog qhov cub los yog muab faus hauv cov av tshwj xeeb.
Lub xeev ntawm lub ecosystem thiab nws cov neeg nyob yuav nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm pov tseg ntawm pov tseg kho mob.
Yuav tsum sau cov khib nyiab
Cov kev cai rau kev sau cov khoom pov tseg kev kho mob yog tsim los ntawm SanPiN, yog tias lawv tsis ua raws, tom qab kev kuaj xyuas tom ntej lub koomhaum yuav raug nplua lossis txwv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm no. Lub sijhawm ntev khaws cia ntawm cov khib nyiab, nrog rau kev khaws cia ib ntus yam tsis muaj cov txheej txheem tshem tawm pov tseg yog txwv. Ntshoo yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob kom zoo. Nws raug tso cai kom ntim cov khoom pov tseg nrog cov tshuaj uas tas sij hawm hauv ib lub hnab ntawm ib qho xim twg, tsuas yog xim daj thiab xim liab.
Nws muaj kev qhia rau cov khoom pov tseg:
- kev sau ntawm Ib chav khib nyiab hauv chav kawm tuaj yeem nqa tawm uas siv cov hnab ntawv pov tseg uas muab tso rau sab hauv cov khoom siv rov qab;
- Class B khib nyiab ua ntej siv tshuaj tua kab, cov qauv yog xaiv los ntawm lub tsev kho mob nws tus kheej, tab sis qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej, dab tsi nyob tom qab kev tua kab mob tso rau hauv ntim nrog cov dej noo tiv thaiv ntau, lub hau yuav tsum ua kom tiav kev sib khi;
- Cov chav pov tseg B yog tshuaj tua kab mob sib kis; pov tseg sab nraum lub tsev kho mob. Rau kev sau, hnab tshwj xeeb lossis nqa tsheb tau siv, lawv tau cim tshwj xeeb liab. Stabbing lossis txiav, cov khib nyiab tawg tau tso rau hauv cov thawv ntim tshwj xeeb;
- Chav G hluav taws xob cov ntaub ntawv nyoos tau sau rau hauv pob; lawv tuaj yeem muab khaws cia rau hauv chav sib cais, uas tsis muaj cov khoom siv cua sov.
Kho kom raug raws li cov lus qhia yuav tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm uas sau cov khib nyiab los ntawm kev ua paug.
Cov khib nyiab cia tso tsheb hlau luam
Qhov tseem ceeb xav tau ntawm kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv kom raug thiab cov khoom siv rau kev khaws cov khoom pov tseg yog:
- tso tsheb hlau luam yuav tsum muaj cov khoom ua tau zoo-tiv thaiv kev ya raws, nrog lub hau kaw ntom nti, nws yuav ua kom tiav kev sib khi ntawm cov pov tseg;
- Receptacles rau cov khib nyiab pov tseg yuav tsum cim: A - dawb, B - daj, B - liab;
- hauv qab ntawm lub tank yuav tsum muaj cov fasteners tshwj xeeb rau kev yooj yim thaum thauj khoom thauj.
Qhov ntim ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj yeem sib txawv li 0.5 litres mus rau 6 litres. Muaj ob peb hom tank:
- cov tso tsheb hlau luam thoob ntiaj teb yog tsim los khaws cov khoom ntawm chav kawm B, nws tuaj yeem yog: cov cuab yeej siv kho mob, cov khib nyiab organic;
- cov tso tsheb hlau luam rau kev sib sau ua ke pov tseg kev kho mob nrog lub hau kaw, ua kom cov khib nyiab pov tseg.
Feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv thauj mus los, nrog rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig uas tau chwv cov bins lossis hnab.
Kev rho tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyoos thiab cov hau kev ntawm nws kev tshem tawm
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov khoom pov tseg kev kho mob uas tsis zoo xws li tsis muaj qhov siv rov qab siv cov cuab yeej, hnab looj tes, tshuaj noj uas tsis zoo, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis zoo kuj tseem yuav tsum tau, nrog nws cov kev pab, kev muaj peev xwm kis tau tus kab mob tsis suav nrog.
Rov muab cov pov tseg kho mob suav nrog:
- kev siv tshuab, nws muaj nyob rau hauv spoiling cov tsos ntawm ib yam khoom uas tau tas sij hawm, qhov no yuav tiv thaiv nws cov khoom siv rov qab. Cov hau kev ntawm kev ua tiav no tuaj yeem yog: nias, sib tsoo, sib tsoo lossis tsoo;
- kev siv tshuaj kho mob yog siv rau cov pov tseg uas tiv tshav kub thiab tiv taus noo noo zoo, cov khib nyiab tsis tuaj yeem yog chav sterilized. Cov khib nyiab no cuam tshuam los ntawm cov roj tshwj xeeb los yog muab tsau rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem. Cov khib nyiab ua ntej ua ntej, cov ntaub ntub dej oxidation tuaj yeem siv;
- kev kho mob lub cev, nws muaj autoclaving, incineration lossis siv hluav taws xob kom tsis muaj menyuam, tsis tshua siv tshuaj kho hluav taws xob ntau.
Cov khib nyiab pov tseg tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv tsev kho mob nws tus kheej lossis los ntawm lub chaw haujlwm uas yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej siv kho mob, lossis cov koom haum thib peb tuaj yeem koom nrog tshem tawm cov khoom nyoos.
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev, tsuas yog cov khib nyiab uas tsis muaj kev tsim txom rau lwm tus tuaj yeem muab pov tseg. Cov khib nyiab uas tsim kev puas tsuaj xav tau ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb thiab khoom siv, yog li ntawd lawv tau muab pov tseg los ntawm cov koom haum tshwj xeeb.
Pov tseg cov khoom kho mob
SanPiN txoj cai hais tias cov koom haum thib peb uas muaj daim ntawv tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm no koom nrog kev muab cov khoom kho mob pov tseg. Cov cuab yeej siv kho mob thiab cov khoom pov tseg tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj tau muab pov tseg hauv tsev kho mob kom ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb.
SanPiN tau tsim cov qauv rau kev rhuav tshem cov khoom pov tseg kho mob vim qhov laj thawj, yog tias koj ua raws lawv, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis tus neeg coob thiab tsiaj txhu, tiv thaiv ib puag ncig los ntawm cov pa phem.
