Nuclear pov tseg nkag siab txhais tau tias txhua yam tshuaj thiab cov khoom uas muaj qhov hluav taws xob muaj tom qab, yav tas los tau siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab tsis muaj nuj nqis nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Qhov no yog qeb tshwj xeeb ntawm "khib nyiab" uas yuav tsum muaj qhov kev lav phib xaj ntau tshaj plaws thiab kev tshaj lij.
Cov khib nyiab nuclear tsim tau li cas?
Cov khib nyiab "suab" no tshwm sim los ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov lag luam muaj feem xyuam, chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear thiab txawm tias cov chaw kho mob. Cov txheej txheem ntawm nws txoj kev tsim nws txawv kiag li, tab sis peb pawg tseem ceeb tuaj yeem sib txawv.
Cov cua nkag cov ntsiab lus... Qhov no yog qhov thiaj li hu gaseous daim ntawv pov tseg, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Ntau cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis muab rau kev siv qhov cua, los ntawm cov kav dej ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm cov xov tooj cua uas tau rub tawm. Ntawm chav kawm, xws li qhov cua tsim tawm yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw sau cia siab thiab kho mob heev.
Cov kua dej... Cov pa khib nyiab ua kua pom nyob hauv ib qho kev tsim khoom. Piv txwv li, qhov no suav nrog kev daws teeb meem los ntawm cov ntawv suav scintillation (cov cuab yeej siv los nrhiav cov pa hluav taws xob), cov khoom siv tshawb nrhiav, thiab lwm yam khoom siv zoo sib xws. Pab pawg no kuj suav nrog dab tsi tseem tshuav tom qab kev tawm tsam ntawm hluav taws xob nuclear.
Khoom khib nyiab... Cov khib nyiab khib nyhiab nruab nrab yog cov chaw ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj, ntau yam khoom siv, thiab cov khoom siv tau siv rau lawv. Nws tuaj yeem yog cov pov tseg los ntawm ntau lub chaw soj nstuam, cov tuam txhab tshuaj, tsev kho mob, thiab cov vitrified radioactive tshuaj los ntawm kev ua cov roj hluav taws xob.
Cov pa paug hluav taws xob pov tseg li cas?
Cov txheej txheem pov tseg ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob tom qab. Muaj "ci ntsa iab" khib nyiab, uas tsis yog tsim kev phom sij heev, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem cia li muab pov tseg. Feem ntau nws yog tsev kho mob thiab kuaj pov tseg hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm cov tshuab xoo hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam "siv tau". Qhov no yog chav kawm "D" kho mob pov tseg, uas tau muab tshwj xeeb.
Lub radioactivity ntawm cov khib nyiab tsawg thiab cov txheej txheem lwj ntawm cov tshuaj uas tsim cov keeb kwm yav dhau los yog cov ceev ceev. Yog li ntawd, cov khib nyiab no tau muab tso rau hauv cov thawv ntim hlau, hermetically kaw nrog xis mas. Cov ntim no tom qab muab khaws cia rau cov chaw nyob ib ntus, thiab tom qab hluav taws xob tom qab raug txo kom tsawg, qhov cov ntsiab lus tau muab pov tseg ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg ib txwm.
Lwm qhov yog thaum nws los txog rau kev lag luam pov tseg. Hauv qhov no, hluav taws xob radioactivity ntau dua thiab qhov ntim ntau dua. Yuav luag tas li, "phononizing" cov tshuaj raug muab tso rau hauv kev tso cia, tab sis tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw nyob ib ntus, tab sis hauv cov chaw khaws tshwj xeeb, vim tias lawv yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau ntau pua xyoo.
Dab tsi yog qhov nuclear faus hauv av?
Lub chaw kaw chaw lim cua yog cov qauv tsim kom muaj lub sijhawm ntev thiab kom nyab xeeb ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob pov tseg. Lawv yog cov kev tshawb nrhiav nyuaj uas ua tau raws li Lub Xeev cov qauv.
Xws li cov chaw tsim khoom nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab hauv lawv lub teb chaws uas muaj lub zog nuclear khw muag khoom hluav taws xob khib nyiab. Qhov kev txiav txim siab yog qhov kev sib cav heev, vim tias thaum muaj kev tsim txom tsis zoo los ntawm cov ntim, qhov kev puas tsuaj loj heev tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tias muaj qee qhov ntawm cov ntim nrog cov pov tseg nuclear tau dej nyab hauv Dej hiav txwv Atlantic ob peb lub xyoos dhau los. Tab sis tib neeg tseem tsis tau paub yuav ua li cas siv kiag li, uas yog, nruab nrab los sis rhuav tshem, pov tseg nrog "keeb kwm".
